Mobility and transport infrastructure in Mumbai Metropolitan Region: growth, exclusion and modal choices

Social and physical infrastructure development needs to catch up population growth in cities of the Global South. The infrastructures are emerging piecemeal ways following demand, be it housing, water supply, electricity, financial, educational, health or transport services. Indian typical examples this can called archetypes problem. This paper finds that Mumbai Metropolitan Region has not kept pace with demand. Notwithstanding recent developments, urban mobility region is characterised by traffic jams, delays a lack integrated inclusionary systems, adversely affecting economic efficiency through loss labour time, deliveries goods services, environmental pollution costs.